What it is
Occlusion is the way the upper and lower teeth fit together. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the lower jaw to the skull, just in front of the ear, and works together with the chewing muscles.
Temporomandibular disorders affect the joint, the muscles or both. Bruxism — grinding or clenching the teeth, during the day or in sleep — is a commonly associated factor.
Signs that treatment may be needed
- Pain in the face, jaw or in front of the ear, especially when chewing or on waking.
- Clicking or noises in the joint together with pain or restricted movement.
- Difficulty opening the mouth, or a feeling that the jaw locks.
- Wear, cracks or fractures of teeth and fillings from grinding or clenching.
- Headaches or facial muscle tension associated with the symptoms above.
What happens
- Assessment appointment: history of your symptoms and examination of the muscles, joint, jaw movements and bite.
- Further tests when needed (for example, X-rays or other imaging).
- Treatment, usually conservative and reversible: information and self-care, habit control and, when appropriate, a custom-made occlusal splint.
- Follow-up appointments to adjust the splint and monitor progress.
- When needed, coordination with other professionals such as doctors or physiotherapists.
Permanent changes to the bite are only considered in specific situations and after careful assessment.
Potential benefits
- Can relieve pain and muscle tension.
- A splint protects the teeth and fillings from wear caused by bruxism.
- Helps you understand and control the factors that make symptoms worse.
Limitations and precautions
- Symptoms can vary over time and return during more stressful periods.
- A splint protects the teeth but does not stop the habit of grinding or clenching.
- Some cases need follow-up by other health professionals.
- The splint must be worn as instructed and checked regularly.
Frequently asked questions
Is jaw clicking serious?
Clicking without pain or restricted mouth opening is common and often needs no treatment. If it comes with pain or locking, it should be assessed.
What is an occlusal splint?
It is an acrylic appliance, custom-made from impressions of your teeth and usually worn during sleep. It protects the teeth and can help relieve strain on the muscles and joint.
I grind my teeth at night. What should I do?
Book an assessment. The dentist will check the wear on your teeth and your symptoms and advise whether a splint or other measures are appropriate.
Will I have to wear the splint for ever?
It depends on the case. Some people wear it for a period and others keep it to protect their teeth. This is decided at follow-up appointments.
Results and treatment times vary from person to person. Treatment is only recommended after an assessment appointment.