What it is
Periodontology deals with diseases of the tissues that support the teeth: the gums, the periodontal ligament and the bone.
Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums caused by a build-up of dental plaque, and it is reversible. Without treatment, it can progress to periodontitis, a chronic disease that gradually destroys the supporting bone and can lead to tooth loss.
Warning signs
- Gums that bleed when brushing or flossing.
- Red, swollen or receding gums.
- Persistent bad breath.
- Loose teeth or teeth that have moved.
Smoking, diabetes, some medicines, stress and genetic predisposition increase the risk. Periodontitis is also associated with general conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
What happens
- Diagnosis: measuring the depth of the pockets between gum and tooth (periodontal probing) and X-rays.
- Oral hygiene instructions tailored to each person.
- Non-surgical treatment: removing tartar and plaque above and below the gumline (scaling and root planing), with local anaesthetic if needed.
- Reassessment after a few weeks; in some cases periodontal surgery is recommended.
- Regular maintenance, at intervals set according to each person’s risk.
Potential benefits
- Aims to control inflammation and halt the progression of the disease.
- May reduce bleeding gums and bad breath.
- May help preserve the teeth in the long term, especially with regular maintenance.
Limitations and precautions
- Bone that has been lost is not fully recovered.
- Periodontitis is a chronic disease: it requires regular maintenance for life.
- After treatment, the gums may recede and sensitivity may develop.
- Success depends heavily on daily hygiene and stopping smoking.
Frequently asked questions
Is it normal for gums to bleed?
No. Bleeding gums are a sign of inflammation and should be checked.
Can periodontitis be cured?
It can be controlled and stabilised with treatment and regular maintenance, but it needs ongoing follow-up.
Results and treatment times vary from person to person. Treatment is only recommended after an assessment appointment.